Past simple: negatives and questions
Geçmiş zaman: olumsuz ve soru
Animasyonlu anlatım
Çizgi film öğretmen Past simple: negatives and questions bu dersin kendi örnek cümleleriyle sahne sahne anlatır: tahtada formül, renk kodlu cümle parçaları, yanlış → doğru karşılaştırmaları. Anlatım İngilizcedir (İngiliz aksanı). İlk açılışta senaryo hazırlanır (~1 dk), sonra anında açılır.
Geçmiş zamanda olumsuz cümle ve soru kurmak için did yardımcısını kullanırız: didn't go (gitmedi), Did you go? (gittin mi?). Türkçede olumsuzluk ve soru fiilin sonuna eklenir: git-me-di, git-ti-n mi?. İngilizcede ise fiilin önüne didn't ya da cümlenin başına Did gelir. Bu durumda fiil yalın hâle döner (went → go).
A Olumsuz: didn't + fiil
Durum: Elif went to work yesterday. But she didn't go by car. She took the metro. (Elif dün işe gitti. Ama arabayla gitmedi. Metroya bindi.)
Gördünüz mü? Olumlu cümlede went var. Olumsuzda ise didn't go var. went kayboldu, yerine yalın go geldi.
Kural: didn't (= did not) + fiilin yalın hâli. Bütün kişiler için aynı!
| Olumlu | Olumsuz |
|---|---|
| I worked | I didn't work |
| she went | she didn't go |
| they saw | they didn't see |
| we had | we didn't have |
→ Geçmiş zaman bilgisini artık did taşıyor. Fiile ikinci kez -ed ya da düzensiz hâl eklenmez. → Konuşmada hep didn't deriz. did not daha resmî ve yazı dilinde.
- I didn't watch the match last night.Dün akşam maçı izlemedim.
- Can didn't call his mother on Sunday.Can pazar günü annesini aramadı.called → didn't call
- We didn't have breakfast this morning.Bu sabah kahvaltı yapmadık.had → didn't have
- They didn't come to the meeting.Toplantıya gelmediler.came → didn't come
- The bus didn't stop here. It was full.Otobüs burada durmadı. Doluydu.
B Soru: Did + kişi + fiil?
Durum: Mert looks tired. Ayşe asks: 'Did you sleep well?' (Mert yorgun görünüyor. Ayşe soruyor: 'İyi uyudun mu?')
Soruda Did cümlenin en başına gelir. Fiil yine yalın: sleep (slept değil).
Kural: Did + I/you/he/she/we/they + fiilin yalın hâli … ?
| Olumlu | Soru |
|---|---|
| You slept well. | Did you sleep well? |
| She called you. | Did she call you? |
| They went home. | Did they go home? |
→ Türkçede soru eki sonda: uyudun mu? İngilizcede soru işareti başta: Did you sleep? → Dikkat: was/were ile did kullanılmaz: Were you tired? (Did you be değil!)
- Did you see Zeynep yesterday?Dün Zeynep'i gördün mü?
- Did Tom like the baklava?Tom baklavayı beğendi mi?
- Did they win the match?Maçı kazandılar mı?won → Did … win?
- Did your sister get the job?Kız kardeşin işi aldı mı?
- Did you work from home last week?Geçen hafta evden çalıştın mı?
C Kısa cevaplar: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
Durum: 'Did you buy bread?' 'Yes, I did.' 'Did you buy milk?' 'No, I didn't.' (Ekmek aldın mı? Evet, aldım. Süt aldın mı? Hayır, almadım.)
Türkçede cevapta fiili tekrar ederiz: Evet, aldım. İngilizcede fiil tekrar edilmez, sadece did / didn't söylenir.
| Soru | Evet | Hayır |
|---|---|---|
| Did you …? | Yes, I did. | No, I didn't. |
| Did she …? | Yes, she did. | No, she didn't. |
| Did they …? | Yes, they did. | No, they didn't. |
→ Sadece 'Yes.' ya da 'No.' demek biraz kaba duyulabilir. Yes, I did. daha doğal.
- 'Did you enjoy the concert?' 'Yes, I did.''Konseri beğendin mi?' 'Evet, beğendim.'
- 'Did Mert pay the bill?' 'No, he didn't.''Mert hesabı ödedi mi?' 'Hayır, ödemedi.'
- 'Did they find a parking space?' 'No, they didn't.''Park yeri buldular mı?' 'Hayır, bulamadılar.'
- 'Did Sarah send the email?' 'Yes, she did.''Sarah e-postayı gönderdi mi?' 'Evet, gönderdi.'
D Soru kelimeleri: Where did you go?
Durum: Zeynep was on holiday last week. Her friend asks: 'Where did you go?' 'To Bodrum.' 'What did you do there?' 'I swam every day!' (Nereye gittin? Bodrum'a. Orada ne yaptın? Her gün yüzdüm!)
Kural: Soru kelimesi + did + kişi + fiilin yalın hâli … ?
| Soru kelimesi | did | kişi | fiil |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where | did | you | go? |
| What | did | she | eat? |
| When | did | they | arrive? |
| What time | did | the film | start? |
| How | did | you | get there? |
| Who | did | you | meet? |
→ Türkçede: Nereye gittin? İngilizcede did unutulmaz: Where did you go? (Where you went? değil!)
- Where did you have lunch?Öğle yemeğini nerede yedin?
- What did Can buy at the market?Can pazardan ne aldı?
- What time did you get home last night?Dün gece eve saat kaçta geldin?
- How did they get to the airport?Havalimanına nasıl gittiler?
- Who did you meet at the café?Kafede kiminle buluştun?
- When did Elif start her new job?Elif yeni işine ne zaman başladı?
Did geldiyse fiil 'emekliye ayrılır' ve yalın hâline döner! Geçmiş zaman yükünü tek başına did taşır: did + went ❌ → did + go ✅. Tek bir cümlede iki kere geçmiş zaman olmaz.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- 1.We drank tea but we ___ (not / eat) anything.
- 2.Elif ___ (not / go) to work yesterday. She was ill.
- 3.I ___ (not / sleep) well last night. The neighbours were noisy.
- 4.Can ___ (not / watch) the football match. He was at work.
- 5.The traffic was terrible, so they ___ (not / arrive) on time.
- 6.Sarah ___ (not / buy) the shoes. They were too expensive.
- 7.I ___ (not / have) breakfast this morning. I was late.
- 8.Tom ___ (not / understand) the lesson, so he asked the teacher.
- 1.I ___ go to the gym yesterday.
- 2.Did you ___ the email?
- 3.She didn't ___ me last night.
- 4.___ you at home on Sunday?
- 5.'Did Mert find his keys?' 'Yes, he ___.'
- 6.Where ___ they have dinner last night?
- 7.'Did you enjoy the concert?' 'No, I ___.'
- 8.What time ___ the film start last night?
- 1.You cooked dinner.
- 2.Ayşe went to Ankara last week.
- 3.They played football on Saturday.
- 4.Can bought a new phone.
- 5.You saw Zeynep at the party.
- 6.The meeting finished late.
- 7.Your parents liked the restaurant.
- 1.___ did you go last summer? — To Bodrum.
- 2.___ did you have for lunch? — Köfte and salad.
- 3.___ did the plane land? — At 6.30.
- 4.___ did you meet at the café? — My old friend Mert.
- 5.___ did you get to work? — By ferry.
- 6.___ did Elif start her new job? — Last Monday.
- 7.___ did they stay in Izmir? — In a small hotel.
- 8.___ did you buy for your mother? — Some flowers.
- 1.I didn't saw the message.
- 2.Did you went out last night?
- 3.Where you bought this bag?
- 4.She didn't was at the office.
- 5.Did Can finished his report?
- 6.'Did you like the film?' 'Yes, I liked.'
- 7.We don't went to the beach yesterday.
- 8.What did you did at the weekend?